Similarities And Differences Between Night, And Kill A...

Compare and Contrast: Night and To Kill a Mockingbird There have been many novels over the years that have sparked conversations about human rights. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Night by Elie Wiesel are two novels that have done just that. Night depicts a firsthand account of the horrors the Jewish people faced during the Holocaust. A similar story is told in To Kill a Mockingbird with the plights of African Americans in the south. Although these novels take place over during different decades and to completely different groups of people, they share similar themes of prejudice, hope, and a loss of innocence. To begin with, both novels show very strong themes of prejudice throughout. Night begins with the Elie Wiesel’s account of what it was like to live through Hitler’s final solution to rid Europe of the Jewish population. He remembers what it was like to be a young man living in Sighet, Transylvania when the Nazis moved in, and forced him out of his home to concentration camps where many people were killed in the crematoria upon arrival. Throughout Wiesel’s time in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, he had been separated from his mother and sisters, watched his friends die, and lived everyday in fear of death. The prisoners of these concentrations camps were stripped of their identity by only being referred to as their tattooed number, they were Reis, 2 starved, worked to death, and experienced even more demeaning acts. All these senseless

Marketing and Online Social Networks Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Situation Synopsis: Competitors have developed different approaches to attract consumers in the online dating market; some of which have been copying eHarmony’s product features and using alternative strategies to attract singles. Company’s Current Strategy: eHarmony uses a focused differentiation strategy. It focuses on singles seeking a serious relationship and long-term compatibility. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Online Social Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now It distinguished itself from other sites by using a unique matching algorithm. They have also invested substantial resources into marketing and RD. Problem Statement: eHarmony has opened the door to their competition by declining potential customers as a way to ensure quality control. eHarmony’s CEO must decide how to react to imitations of its business model, encroachment by competing models and the rise of free alternatives. ANALYSIS 1. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 1. General External Environment Demographic: †¢ Age 40 and 50 year olds becoming the fastest growing segment †¢ Age structure: 60% of eHarmony users were women †¢ Members reflect the geographic distribution of the US quite well Legal †¢ Lawsuits for discrimination, etc. †¢ Privacy settings Socio-Cultural: †¢ Average age to get married is increasing †¢ The marriage rate had reached its lowest point in recorded history †¢ Cultural changes and economic factors had a substantial effect on the marriage market †¢ Fluctuating divorce rates †¢ One-fifth of marriages were initiated through online encounters Technological: †¢ Increasingly sophisticated communication and recording technology †¢ R: relationship dynamics, physical attraction, and couples †¢ Must obtain patents for matching systems Global: †¢ Competitors have expanded globally 2. Industry Situation Analysis 1. 2. 1 Industry Structure The online personals industry can be segmented into 4 different categories where the 3 main players; eHarmony, Match, and Yahoo! Personals are represented by the Paid Do-it-yourself category: †¢ Paid Do-it-yourself Sites †¢ Free Do-It-Yourself Sites †¢ Niche Sites †¢ Online Social Networks 1. 2. 2 Industry Direction and Trends Competition is steadily increasing. Many companies within this industry try to develop new approaches in an attempt to divert customers away from market leaders such as eHarmony. Some either put up few barriers to join or allow people to join for free. The industry is expected to rise and perhaps double by 2012. Trends that may be important for this industries future include the following: †¢ Subscribers to these sites tend to be repeat users †¢ 40 to 50 year olds are the fastest growing segment †¢ Marriage rate has reached its lowest point in recorded history †¢ Divorce rates are constantly fluctuating 1. 2. 3 Industry Economics The online personals market grew very slowly, reaching only $40 million in 2001. In 2007, as a result of changing attitudes amongst consumers, the industry increased to $900 million. Observers have predicted that the industry may double in size by 2012. 1. 2. 4 Industry Driving Forces Internet: As the number of people becoming internet savvy increases, so does the number of potential customers for online personals. †¢ Globalization: Some competitors, for instance Match, have already branched out to markets overseas. †¢ Industry Growth Rate: Industry expected to double by 2012. †¢ Who buys how it is used: Online personals are most popular for middle-aged (40-50) peoples. Used to find potential mates for those seeking various different types of relationships. †¢ Marketing Innovation: â€Å"eHarmony is one of the few online companies that made offline marketing work and pay for itself. Many companies end up spending large quantities on their marketing strategies but do not necessarily acquire more customers. †¢ Changes in Societal Concerns, Attitudes Lifestyles: More and more people are becoming internet savvy therefore increasing the market potential for online personals. 1. 2. 5 Key Success Factors (See Appendix A) 1. 2. 6 Strategic Groups Map (See Appendix B for Strategic Groups Map) Cost to join and barriers to join an online personal site are the two dimensions which are relevant to a firms’ performance within this industry. Harmony possesses the highest membership fees in the industry along with particularly high barriers to join. Even their direct competitors; Match and Yahoo! Personal s differ from eHarmony in that they have much lower barriers to join as well as lower sign up fees. Most of their indirect competitors are free and have little to no barriers to join. 1. 2. 7 Strategic Issues in the Industry †¢ Industry was plagued by people misrepresenting themselves and putting false personal information †¢ Users are concerned about the privacy of their information †¢ Level of customer dissatisfaction remains high . 2. 8 Opportunities Threats Opportunities: †¢ This industry will continue to rise in popularity due to increasing usage of computer technology. †¢ Due to it being a more affordable means of match making, people will generally turn to online personals as opposed to other offline services. Convenience also plays a factor. †¢ Increasing their market share, catering to more market segments. (Niche markets). Threats: †¢ Online personals sites with more resources pose a threat to those lacking resources. †¢ Security is sues linked with sharing information on online personals. Online dating scams) †¢ Reduction of barriers could also mean expanding globally before other competitors capture foreign market segments. 3. Competitive Situation Analysis 1. 3. 1 Competitive Forces (See Appendix C for analysis). After analyzing Porter’s five forces it is concluded that the online personals industry is attractive. 1. 3. 2 Competitive Approaches †¢ Match: They target individuals looking for â€Å"enduring romance†. They have also expanded their markets overseas. †¢ Yahoo! Personals: The types of consumers they target are not specified in the case. Although they have expanded their markets overseas †¢ Online Social Networks: relies on viral process through which friends encourage their friends to join. 1. 3. 3 Competitive Strengths Weaknesses (See Appendix D) 2. INTERNAL ANALYSIS 2. 1 Company Situation/Resources Analysis (See Appendix E) 2. 2 Operations Analysis: not applicable to this case 2. 3 R Analysis †¢ E-Harmony Labs: In which scientists study different aspects of love (Biological, sociological, and neurological foundations of love) †¢ Scientists continue to do research on physical attraction. They believe that the initial encounter is the crucial in determining the long-term success rate of relationship. †¢ Invested heavily on studies on couples. These studies analyzed how relationships were affected after specific life stages, for example, after a first child is born. 2. 4 Procurement Analysis: not applicable to this case 2. 5 Marketing and Competitive Position †¢ Successful marketing formula: the use of testimonials enabled their offline marketing efforts to pay for itself. †¢ Competitive position: â€Å"matching on the basis of long-term compatibility. †¢ Focus on direct-response marketing and only work with firm’s who truly understand this form of advertising. †¢ They purchase media at lower rates. †¢ Advertise only on national cable networks and avoid broadcast television. (Less costly approach) †¢ ? of budget spend on TV and radio advertising, ? is spent on Internet search and banner ads (expensive). 2. 5 HR Analysis The co mpany grew to 230 employees, half of whom were in customer service. They also employ a team of uniquely positioned research psychologists. 2. 6 Managerial Preferences/Values Analysis The CEO, Greg Waldorf values the exclusivity of the site. †¢ Their customers values long term relationships. 3. APPRAISAL OF STRATEGIC ISSUES 3. 1 Evaluation of Current Strategic Performance 3. 1. 1 Strategic Resources: Tangible †¢ Financial: Ability to generate internal funds: marketing campaign paid for itself within the first week †¢ Borrowing capacity: Received 3 million from an investment firm at start up †¢ Technological: Scientifically produced matching algorithm *** Organizational Resources and Physical Resources do not apply to this case Resources: Intangible †¢ Human resources: knowledgeable team of psychologist †¢ Innovation resource: labs were tasked with studying the biological, sociological, and neurological underpinnings of love †¢ Reputational resources: eHarmony’s focus on serious relationship resonated well with faith communities Capabilities: †¢ Marketing: Highly successful marketing formula †¢ R: secured a patent for the matching algorithm †¢ Strong vision *** Distribution, Human Resources, Management information systems, Management, and Manufacturing do not apply to this case Core Competencies: Sustainable Competitive Advantage: †¢ Patented matching system and guided communication system †¢ Unique positioning of its team of research psychologists †¢ Successful marketing formula *** Value Chain does not apply to this case 3. 1. 2 Financial †¢ Borrowing capacity: Received $3 million from an investment firm at start up. †¢ Opportunity Cost: Declines to sell memberships to at least one million people annually costing the company an estimated $100 million per year. Break Even: By early 2002 registrations had grown to over 300,000 allowing the firm to break even that year and become cash flow positive the next. †¢ Fixed Costs: Advertising: Marketing expenses reaching as much as $80 million per year, firm profitability depended on efficient customer acquisition 4. FORMULATION AND DISCUSSION OF STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES 4. 1 Option 1: Reduction of Barriers Pros: †¢ Allowing more subscriptions will increase revenues †¢ Cost eff ective †¢ Would tap into niche markets such as the gay and lesbian communities (largest niche market). User satisfaction increase when there are more users †¢ Denies competitors a chance to grow (Chemistry) Cons: †¢ Current members will not be as confident when recommending matches †¢ Less exclusive †¢ Spend money in R: New matching models 4. 2 Option: Broadening Customer base to include casual daters Pros: †¢ Strong point of differentiation: Introducing the matching algorithm to the casual dater segment †¢ Allowing more subscriptions will increase revenues Cons: Undermining its credibility with individuals seeking individuals seeking long-term commitment †¢ Exposure to more competitive rivalry †¢ Spend money in R: New matching models 4. 3 Option 3: Growing a new business based on R Pros: †¢ Greater audience which allows for more subscriptions thus an increase in revenues †¢ Reducing risk of being trampled by competitors by dive rsifying Cons: †¢ Can tarnish eHarmony’s reputation and name brand †¢ Risky because it may not gain as much as what was anticipated †¢ Growth strategy may not be concrete . 4 Option 4: Rapid Geographic expansion Pros: †¢ Enables them to take control of target segments before their competitors do †¢ Increases their geographic scope which translates to increased revenues Cons: †¢ The matching portfolio may not cater to foreign markets (Different cultures etc. ) †¢ Large investment in R in order to create new algorithms †¢ Must take into account politics, religion, culture 5. STRATEGY RECOMMENDATION Since its inception, the company has declined to sell memberships to at least one million people who sought to become paying customers. As a result, the opportunity cost of this decision has lost the company an estimated $10 million in revenues per year. eHarmony should continue to focus on it’s vision in creating long-term relationships, however while reducing the amount of barriers they have instilled in order to become a member. By reducing their barriers not only will they increase their market share, they will be able to cater to more market segments (niche markets). Reducing their barriers could also involve expanding their services globally before other competitors capture significant foreign market segments. On that note, they can also deny their competitors a chance to grow. This will also satisfy their current users since there will be a greater selection. On the other hand some users may not take well to the idea, but as long as eHarmony maintains some element of control regarding who is accepted the changes may not be noticed. To conclude, we believe the R expense of creating a new algorithm will prove to be a worthy investment. [pic] How to cite Marketing and Online Social Networks, Papers

Life Cycle Analysis for Lithium-ion Battery Production and Processing

Question: Discuss about the Life Cycle Analysis for Lithium-ion Battery Production and Processing. Answer: Introduction The debate on the impact of automotive emissions on environment has been escalating over the past decades. The Olofsson (1) estimates that transportation sector emits 16% of CO2, which needs drastic reduction. Different legislative stipulations have been passed to facilitate the reduction of the emissions: for example, Euro-6 and Euro-VI emission stipulations for light and heavy vehicles respectively were introduced in 2014 to regulate the emission of NOx among the new models (1). With increasing fear on debilitation of fossil fuel and pressing issues of energy security, there is a growing interest on the need to improve energy efficiency. Based on the recent developments from auto industry and the government, Gaines et al (2) observe that batteries are considered to be the most suitable in manufacturing as well as marketing electric-drive cars; both plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (p.3). According to Gaines et al (2), effective installation of viable battery systems for electric-driven vehicles has the efficacy to minimize fossil fuels consumption as well as reducing greenhouse emissions (GHG) (p.3). Nevertheless, so much is yet to be established insofar as electric-drive performance and impacts of batteries on their efficiencies is concerned. Batteries that contain high specific energy and peculiar life cycle remain the fundamental elements that will facilitate successful manufacture of electric-drive vehicles, however. More importantly, scientists consider lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion) to be the main factor that will enhance the penetration of the technology. Nelson et al (3) attest that the nature of electric-drive market is multi-faceted in terms of engineering execution, consumer preference, and affordability (2). Essentially, the impact of such vehicles on the environmental performance is among the key driving factors towards their developments. On the crux of the matter is emission and energy efficiency of battery cells. However, there are some existential trade-offs that are inevitable when deployment of electric-drive vehicle will be effected. The energy trade-off necessitates quantification in developing conventional cars by lightweight materials, which reflects the balance between extra energy incurred in developing lightweight material and the fuel saved in driving it, due to the reduced weight (3). Like any other product system, the burdens of life-cycle batteries emanates from different life-cycle phases, for example, during production of the material, during production and the usage of the battery, or during battery recycling phase. Adequate information on challenges incurred when developing lithium component materials like iron phosphate, lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium hexafuolorophosphate, and lithium nickel dioxide including some process information is still lacking. Due to this absence, estimation of the production energy as well as emissions with regard to the life cycle has been made difficult. This paper provides an overview on the impacts of lithium-ion life cycle batteries. The paper focuses on the burden of battery recycling to the production of active materials, which have not been properly characterized hitherto. Goal The objective of this paper is to examine the life cycle impacts of Lithium-ion batteries. Special interest is placed on the burden of the production process and recycling process of Li-ion battery cells. Due to the scarcity of materials used in the manufacturing of Li-ion, the paper dissects recycling processes that have the efficacy to underscore energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Life Cycle Assessment Generally, LCA method is used to dissect the environmental consequences of an entire life cycle that involves production of a given product or service (1). The most common areas, according to Olofsson (1) where the knowledge of LCA is applied include product development, production processes, and waste management (p.2). The method has become increasingly significant for environmental communication. On product development, LCA is facilitates assessment of potential hotspots of a product life cycle and improves development of eco-design, which provides a springboard to identify the most optimal design at the conceptual phase (1). In order to realize the optimal design it is imperative to avoid hazardous materials, cut down the energy used in production stage, use light materials and high quality features to encourage weight minimization, and use materials that can be upgraded, repaired, recycled, and reused. Functional Unit Rechargeable battery The use of batteries to develop small-scale electric sources and portable devices has been on upward trajectory. Depending on their capacities, batteries can be used to power a variety of electronic devices and automotive. Young (4) observes that the capability of rechargeable battery to store chemical energy and produce electric energy, as well their durability feature has made it more prevalent in todays society. Olofsson (1) asserts that when battery cell is connected to an external circuit, oxidation and reduction reactions occur at the negative and positive electrodes respectively (p.4). Consequently, the electrons flow towards and the external circuit while the ions flow within electrodes via electrolyte. An electric insulator separates the anode and the cathode, and facilitates the flow of electrons to the external circuit only. The insulator also slows down the reaction process when the cell is connected to an external source. The pendulum of the amount of energy that the bat tery has swings from state of charge (SOC) to discharge, depending on how the battery is used (4). Materials available in Lithium-ion batteries/ components Li et al (5) state that LCA is the most appropriate method when it comes to comparing alternative technological systems, since it entails broad assessment of life cycle of a product or a service, including production of materials, service provision, and maintenance. The paper focuses on quantitative elements of LCA. The paper relies on Gaines et al analysis of GREETZ 2.7 model to examine impact of Lithium-ion batteries. Dunn et al (6) hold that Li-ion batteries have been considered efficient in contemporary as well as future battery technology because they quintessentially have high volumes of energy and gravimetric power. The interplay flow of lithium ions between anode and cathode forms the central basis of Li-ion batteries mechanism. The electrodes are made up of conducting foil. Between the electrodes lies electrolyte. The active component of electrode is made of intercalation materials that have the efficacy to host Li-ions without dismantling their structures. Most chemistries prefer using graphite to make cathode material (4). Production of active materials: Lithium Carbonate Generally, Lithium is extracted from spodumene or brine-lake deposits (2). Due to energy consumption and economic purposes, brine-lake resources are considered to be more efficient and have the capacity to meet the surging demand of for Li-ion automotive batteries. During the extraction process, extensive pumping of brine from brine well into a solar evaporation pond occurs and the brine is left to concentrate (2). Once sufficient evaporation and concentration has occurred, pumping of brines to successive ponds follows until crystallization and precipitation of sodium chloride and other salts takes place (4). After pumping the brine into 4-5 ponds, addition of slake lime to precipitate calcium and magnesium salts follow. This results to the production of magnesia and gypsum. When more slake-lime is added to the successive ponds, depletion of calcium, magnesium, and sodium salts occurs until brine with capacity of 0.5% lithium can be redirected to a manufacturing plant that extracts l ithium from lithium carbonate. Spodumene Another source of lithium is spodumene. Based on Gaines et al analysis (2), spodumene is a mineral that consist of lithium aluminium inosilicate LiAl(SiO3) (p.6). Due to efficiency concerns, its production from minerals has drastically reduced. Eventually, new cost-effective technique, which involves production from salars, has been discovered (1). Nevertheless, producers still consider extraction from mineral deposits, in pursuit of achieving supply diversification and reducing reliability of the external suppliers (4). Besides extracting and processing the ore and raw spodumene must be subjected to a temperature of 1000oC in order to effectively transform alpha to beta and facilitate percolation using sulphuric acid (2). The next process involves recovering of lithium in form of lithium salts. Cathode production The materials that are used in making cathode are manufactured through oxidation of lithium carbonate at a very high temperature. Another chemical used in the process is Lithium hydroxide, which requires special handling during mixing process. Reactions in solid state at a range of temperatures between 600 to 800oC are a fundamental requirement to ensure there is maximum crystallization and that suitable structures are obtained (3). Iriyama et al (7) assert that fossil energy is the most suitable for this process. Structural as well as physical features like packing density and morphology are the key determinants in establishing the appropriateness of the material that should be used in cathode for Lithium-ion cells (1). Anode Production The most commonly used materials in anode production are soft carbon, hard carbon, graphite, and mesocarbon micro-bead (6). Essentially, a temperature of 2700oC is needed for graphitization of synthetic graphite materials (2). The process involves huge consumption of energy, particularly fossil fuels. In the recent past, there has been usage of amorphous carbon layer as a robust way of protecting carbonaceous anode cells against corrosion during cell working periods. According to Casas et al (8) process also involves usage of gas-phase substances like methane and propylene, which need to be exposed to a temperature of 700oC to crack them (1). Other materials that have been widely used to supplant graphite anodes in the recent past are components of Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12). Li4Ti5O12 is preferred due to its high-energy supply. To produce Li4Ti5O1, a reaction of TitaniaTiO2 and Li2CO3 is conducted in crystalline structure, at a temperature of 859oC, in the air (1). The process is less energy-intensive compared to the graphite production. Another advantage of Li4Ti5O1 is that it does not react with the electrolyte. Li4Ti5O1 anode also allows faster charge/discharge, insofar as the diffusion lengths are not long. However, for Li4Ti5O1 anode to be effective, according to Oloffson (1), they have to be used with high potential cathodes to minimize the open circuit voltage (OCV) (p.22). The weight of the material may also be disadvantageous in locomotive purposes. Inventory analysis The process of assembling battery The first step of manufacturing Li-ion battery involves processing cathode paste, which is obtained from purchased LiCoO2 powder and binder powder, among other additives, followed by intense pumping to the coating machine (2). During the second stage, coating machines facilitate the spreading of the paste into a thickness of 200-250 m on each side of the aluminium foil. 25-40% of the thickness is lost during drying process (2). To achieve a uniform thickness, coated sheet has to be compressed. In the third stage, production of graphite paste takes place, and then distributed on copper foil to develop anodes. Another important activity in this stage is the trimming off the foil edges. Splicing in of the new foil may also result to loss of some quantity of the material since taped area have to be scraped, which can be redirected to recycling machines (4). The fourth stage involves wounding up of the anode, cathode, and the insulator layers, and then fixing them into rectangular or cylindrical casing. Happening at the fifth stage is the filling of the cells with electrolyte and purchased paste from a chemical supplier (1). During the sixth stage, attachment of safety devices, seals, insulters, and valves, followed by plication of the cells is done. At the seventh stage, fabrication of fully discharged cells is conducted by charging them with a cycler. Cyclers have the capacity to supply high current for electric car batteries. The stage also involves conditioning and testingcharging and discharging them repeatedly to authenticate product quality (6). Energy is involved at this stage and caution is paramount at this stage to outbreak of fires due to large capacity of the batteries that are tested. The main purpose of the eighth stage is to fit the cells with electronic circuit gadgets to control the process of charging and discharging (2). At the final stage, non-homogenous electrode devices, defective cells, and other left overs are dumped to the scrap. Scrap materials may be recycled. Recycling of Li-ion battery Recycling of batteries has become more dynamic due to diversification of feedstock, which includes several types of batteries, some of which are inimical to human health in particular and the environment in general. According to Gaines (2), recycling electronic consumer batteries keeps the companies operational until car batteries are disposed for recycling in huge volumes (p.9). The disposal of automotive batteries makes the recycling process efficient and improves standardization exercise. Income obtained from cobalt recovery stimulates the recycling process (3). However, due to decline in the use of cobalt, other initiatives to make the recycling process lucrative business must be identified. Through the recycling process, several materials can be recovered at different stages of production. For instance, smelting process has the efficacy to retrieve the basic elements and salts. Smelting process occurs at very high temperatures and involves burning of carbon anodes and electrolytes as reductant (2). Cobalt and nickel, which are the valuable metals recovered from the process, are redirected to the refining plant to make them more conducive for any purpose. Other elements that are contained in the slag like lithium are used for additive function. Hydrometallurgical process is the main method that is used to recover lithium from the slag (2). The process of recovering battery grade materials demands a high uniform feed since contamination of the feed with impurities may be detrimental to the product quality. Therefore, component must be separated through effective variety of chemical and physical technique to ensure that all active elements are recovered. Other active mater ials may need to be purification to make them appropriate for reuse in new battery cells. However, the separator cannot be reused since its material cannot be recycled. While many papers have discussed recycling of Lithium-ion batteries, only a few companies, 3 to be exact, have detailed germane information that could be used in current analysis. These processes are analysed below: Umicore Process Umicore is a European battery processing company. It gathers used batteries and dispose them to its processing plant, which is designated in Sweden. Once the materials are collected, they are smelted. The next step is combustion of organic materials in the batteries like carbon electrodes, plastics, and electrolyte solvents. The combustion steers the smelter and carbon is used a reductant for some metals. Recovered elements, nickel and cobalt, are shipped to a refinery plant in Belgium, where CoCl2 is manufactured. After processing CoCl2, it is transported to South Korea to manufacture LiCoO2 for battery cells. Recovery of nickel and cobalt helps makes the process efficient, considering that at least 70% of the energy required for their extraction from the sulphide ores is saved. The production process also prevents emission of Sulphur oxide gase. However, the aluminium and lithium elements from the smelting process flows into the slag, which has low value uses. The subjection of was te gases to extremely high temperatures ensures that they are not released into the environment. According to the company, out of 93% recovered lithium-ion batteries, 69% is metal, 10% is carbon, and 14% is plastic (2). The Toxco Process This method has been commonly used in battery processing since 1993 in Canada to manufacture Lithium-ion batteries for different purposes (3). In 2009, Toxco Company was granted a licence by the US Department of Energy to reprocess Lithium-ion battery cells at plant designated at Ohio (2). Through mechanical and chemical recycling process, products obtained from the process are copper cobalt, fluff, and cobalt filter cake (2). Copper cobalt is used to extract metals like copper, cobalt, nickel, and aluminium. On the other hand, cobalt filter cake is reused to coat appliances. Sodium Chloride was added to the resultant solution in order to precipitate Li2Co3. The mechanical and chemical recycling process ensures that the emission is minimized. One benefit of this process is that it is not energy-intensive. Besides, it is possible to recycle at least 60% of the battery pack materials and 10 percent reused. The fluff consists of 25% of the battery pack: it is first landfilled, and then the plastic can be retrieved when their capacity is high enough to ensure there is efficiency (2). Eco-Bat Process Orengon Company is the developer of this process. The company has partnered with RSR, a recycling company in Texas. Eco-Bat process consumes less energy hence it more efficient. The process involves reusing of electrolyte solvent and salts. Like other recycling processes, reusing the separator is impossible. The metal elements are retrieved and used for recycling. Battery pack casing may also be reused, but the process will depend on the system of configuration in place. The process is a quintessentially possibility of design-for-recycling method. Extraction of electrolyte if facilitated by using supercritical CO2, which carries away the salt and can be reused. The CO2 used in this process can be obtained from burning waste. The leftovers from the structure can be broken down into small fragments to enhance the separation process. This process ensures that active elements are recovered and the new battery is manufactured with minimal treatment. About 80% of the materials used in the process can be recycle. However, the method requires additional separation process to process a mixed feed and to produce high quality final products. Impact analysis: Comparison to total Life-Cycle Energy This section provides a brief evaluation of inventory development based on cradle-to-gate (CTG) life cycle performance of Lithium-ion battery. This involves investigation of alternative fuels as well as advanced automotive technology. Total energy cycle analysis remains the germane approach in this process, which includes plug and the vehicle cycle. The complete energy phases include (a) energy cycle, which is composed of categories, pump-to-wheel (PTW) and wheel-to-pump stages, (b) automotive cycle, which involves battery production. Gaines (2) uses GREET 1.8d.0 and GREET 2.7 to assess the total energy cycle of PHEV20 to establish that there is significant difference between life cycle energy use and the vehicle cycle. At PHEV20, WTP accounts for 23% while PTW accounts for 61%. This reflects the entire environmental score. Large amount of life cycle energy used during battery processing cannot be retrieved during recycling. Nevertheless, materials like copper, aluminium, nickel, and still were able to be recycled. Impact of the Production and recycling process to the environment Moot discussion on environmental impact is corollary to any type of technological development that involves switching from fossil energy. The main challenge with using lithium-ion battery cells is that there is scarcity of lithium. Lithium-ion battery cells are the only material that can be used in manufacturing electric vehicles, with no substitute. The main contentious issue is what will happen in the event that there is scarcity of lithium. There is still no satisfying evidence that the rate at which lithium is processed will be consistent with rate at which electric vehicles will be manufactured. The geographical location is another factor. Currently, lithium deposits are only concentrated in Bolivia and Chile, though other countries like China, Belgium, and Canada have reserves in lower capacity. Manganese, cobalt, and nickel, which are possible elements in the cathode foils, are also scarce. Expansion of electric vehicles may easily lead to their depletion. On the other hand, c opper is very expensive and may not be cost-effective. Improvement analysis The research on how to extract sufficient lithium ores should be intensified. Since there is no actual data that could be used to determine the actual thickness that may result to crash, an investigation should be carried out to fill the gap. The life cycle lengths and their impacts to the environment should further be investigated to establish the best techniques of recycling lithium and reducing emission. Besides, the durability of batteries should be validated with effective experiments, which are faster and efficient. Since cooling process is vital stage in battery pack, the choice of cooling system should be made with a lot of care to reduce the volume of impurities during the process. Conclusion Based on the results obtained from the assessment of life cycle of Li-ion, it is evident that recycling of materials used to recycle lithium significantly reduces the amount of energy used in the production of the material. This is a significant step towards achieving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. However, there is still lack of credible process that can effectively result to voluminous extraction and processing of lithium ions. Bibliography Olofsson, Y. Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-ion Batteries for Plug-in Hybrid Buses. Master's thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, 2013. Gaines, L., A. Burnham, and John L. Sullivan. "Life-Cycle Analysis for Lithium-Ion BatteryProductionandRecycling."2011.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265158823_Paper_No_113891_LifeCycle_Analysis_for_LithiumIon_Battery_Production_and_Recycling. Nelson, Paul A., and Dennis W. Dees. Modelling the Performance and Cost of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles. 2012. doi:10.2172/1209682. Young, Kwo-Hsiung. "Research in Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries 2016." Batteries 2, no. 4 (2016), 31. doi:10.3390/batteries2040031 Li, Huiqiao, and Haoshen Zhou. ChemInform Abstract: Enhancing the Performances of Li-Ion Batteries by Carbon-Coating: Present and Future. ChemInform 43, no. 22 (2012), no-no. doi:10.1002/chin.201222267 Dunn, Jennifer B., and Linda Gaines. Life Cycle Analysis Summary for Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Production and Recycling. REWAS 2016, 2016, 73-79. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48768-7_11. Iriyama, Yasutoshi, and Zempachi Ogumi. "Solid ElectrodeInorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface for Advanced All-Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries." Handbook of Solid State Batteries, 2015, 337-364. doi:10.1142/9789814651905_0010. Casas, Montse, and M. Palacn. Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries." Advanced Materials for Clean Energy, 2015, 229-270. doi:10.1201/b18287-9.

Witch Hunts Essays - Communism In The United States,

Witch Hunts Imagine what it would be like to be labeled a Communist for the mere fact that you happened to sport a goatee? It happened in the 1950's McCarthyism period! Doesn't this sound strangely similar to the Salem witch-hunts? Perfectly normal people accused of being witches just because they were seen dancing strangely in the woods. McCarthyism and the Salem witch-hunts were both attempts by power-hungry people to diminish their competition without any concrete evidence. The causes of the Salem witchcraft trails and ?McCarthyism? were irrational fears that witchcraft and communism were going to infiltrate society if drastic measures were not taken. Once the idea that witchcraft might really be going on got started, the behavior of normal citizens was open to suspicion of witchcraft. Likewise, the real fear of a Communist take-over had Americans in the 1950's so frightened, some actually believed that there neighbors might be spies because McCarthy was planting this suspicion so strongly into their minds. Once the hysteria began, it snowballed out of control. In the Salem witch hunts two young girls, Betty Paris and Abigail Williams, were exhibiting strange behavior and were diagnosed to have been touched by the hand of the devil. When pressured to reveal the witch or witches who had caused this, the young girls named several outcasts of society. These accused witches were guilty until they prove their innocence. Many were tortured until they confessed they were in fact witches so they did not have to endure any more pain. A few who admitted their guilt were spared, while the rest were quickly executed. These confessions became the ?proof? of the existence of witches. The hysteria of McCarthyism began when Senator Joseph McCarthy landed a series of highly publicized investigations that intended to bring forward Communists in the State Department and Hollywood. McCarthy eventually let his ?Red Scare? get out of control and said the U.S. Army was concealing foreign espionage activities. His accusations contained little evidence and McCarthy eventually fell into disfavor. The Witch-hunts of Salem resulted in the execution of 20 individuals. People accused of witchcraft were considered guilty until proven innocent, and tests were devised to identify the guilty. Those who passed the treacherous tests were considered witches and put to death. Eventually, the madness ended but not before the slaying of twenty innocent people. The McCarthy Communism scare turned very negitive toward Senator McCarthy when the hearings to investigate whether the secretary of the Army was not cooperating to uncover Communists in the U.S. military. These hearings were given a great amount of media coverage and that did much to end the anti Communist ?witch-hunt? led by McCarthy. A resolution of censure against McCarthy was soon introduced in the Senate. On December 2, 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy was condemned in a vote of a special session of the U.S. Senate for his conduct in Senate committees. Bibliography Garraty, John A. ?The Rise of McCarthyism.? The Story of America. Cincinnati, OH: Pantheon Books, 1990: 458-459. ?McCarthy, Joseph Raymond.? Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. New York, NY: Publishing, Inc., 1999. CD-ROM ?The Salem Witch Trails 1692.? 27 August 1997. (14 October 1999).

Price Ceilings Are Useless essays

Price Ceilings Are Useless essays Even dough I had to argue in favor of price ceilings, I hate price ceilings. Researching on the internet I couldnt find a good thing. (The example that I put in the presentation with the rice and everything is not good because the $ spent by the gov paying for water only to plant those plants is more than the whole harvest) Also in an article by by Roger Ream who is Director of Seminars of The Foundation for Economic Education he said that despite the economic knowledge that price ceiling makes suppliers not to fabricate as much and that this causes shortages and that this shortages pushes the prices higher than before. The government is still using price ceiling because they want to be in control. He also says that the government should stop this because they are hurting the people that already are hurt. Hurting the poor. Despite overwhelming economic knowledge that price controls (in this discussion, ceilings on prices) discourage suppliers, thus causing shortages and therefore eventually pushing prices above their free market levels, the clamor for controls never subsides. A plea on behalf of the poor is perhaps the loudest excuse for ignoring economic wisdom and imposing controls. This emotional appeal to the plight of the poor often blinds individuals from seeing things as they really are, rather. Controls lead to a less efficient employment of scarce resources, and this hurts the poor the most. It is those on the bottom of the economic ladder who have the greatest stake in efforts to create the most opportunities, goods, and services from limited resources. The effect of price controls will be shortages and eventually prices higher than they would be in an unhampered market; effects precisely contrary to the stated objectives of their supporters. ( Roger Ream) Rent controls in large cities are a type of price ceiling. The government says you cannot raise the price above the...

Article Rebuttal Essay Example for Free

Article Rebuttal Essay Essay Topic: Art , African American Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Barack Obama (128) , rebuttal (10) For the past 17 months, shown on every television news channel across the United States. The case of George Zimmerman, and the shooting death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. Like every year, the media will take a case and publicly turn the story into a circus. The rebuttal article for this paper is a story written by Oliver Knox of Yahoo.com titled, â€Å"Obama: Trayvon Martin could have been me 35 years ago.† Further discussion will analyze the reliability, credibility, and validity of the data used by Oliver Knox, and identify any logical fallacies in the argument. The article is about President Barack Obama making his first public comments on the George Zimmerman acquittal. The president stated that many African Americans believe the outcome and aftermath of the trial would have been different if Trayvon Martin had been white. The president later stated that when he first heard about this story, his thoughts said this could have been his son (Obama, 2013). Then getting more personal by saying this could have been me 35 years ago (Obama, 2013). By using personal experiences, the president discussed his life as a young African American dealing with racism in the United States. I find that the reliability, credibility, and validity of this article and author Oliver Knox highly trusted, convincing, and believable. News articles written and posted by Yahoo.com reports a straightforward message to their audience. Reporting stories down the middle, never too left or right with the occasional bias author either for or against a particular topic. Keeping political views down to a minimal. This particular article matches other similar articles written on the same news story. Second, Oliver Knox wrote the story on the statements and words of the president as he addresses the American public. Third, the genuine author of this story is President Barack Obama himself, Oliver Knox just wrote his statement. The audience that the president focused on in his address is the African American people. Using his own personal experiences, the president can relate to the ongoing outrage of the African American  public. President Obama feels the pain and disappointments of the outcome of the case. Because of this story first came out 17 months ago, many logical fallacies surfaced about this case. First, the media leaned toward a killing of an innocent young 17-year-old boy, minding his own business. Then showing a photo of this boy at the age of 12. Then here comes George Zimmerman, looking for trouble and looking for a fight by picking on a young African American boy. Would the story stay the same if George Zimmerman was African American with the same outcome, the public will never know what happened that night. Meanwhile, the story set the tone for future stories about this case. Raising the question about race possess anything to do with the incident between George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin. The logical fallacies of this article happened when President Obama expressed his concerns and personal experiences with the American people. This incident could easily be him 35 years ago as a young person dealing with racism in America. Concern that African Americans think that this case developed on race. A belief in the legal system would have a different outcome if Trayvon were white. Even after juror number B37 came out stating that race had no issue to the outcome of the case. Both the jury and legal experts stated that Zimmerman and Trayvon made poor judgment the night, which led to the death of Trayvon. Statements by the jury referring the only reason for Zimmerman’s acquittal because the way the â€Å"stand your ground† law is written. This article also provided some good highlighted points. The president encouraged his audience to support and encourage the young people of this country by helping them achieve and succeed in life. To be more influential and guide them on the right track. If the young people do not have the support from family, friends, neighbors, and the community, who will help them stay on the righteous path (Obama, 2013). This news article written by Oliver Knox and other journalists in this country, reporting the feelings and concerns addressed by this nation’s leader. Stating the issue of racism still lives in the lives of some American people. Relating to his own personal feelings on racism and demanding change to overcome these barriers. So the people, as a nation will never see another George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin case again. References Knox, O. (2013). Obama: Trayvon Martin ‘could have been me 35 years ago’. Yahoo New.com. We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Insurance Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Insurance Practices - Essay Example On one hand and often uppermost in the mind of the healthcare organizations, they may estimate the upper limit of the compensation they may need to claim and then compare the premium which they must pay. On the other hand, important factors also include the nature of the insurer, the way the insurer manages claims, the obligations and benefits specified in the policy and possibilities of additional insurance coverage (Thornton). Of interest to the healthcare organization is not only the capacity of the insurer to pay out claims finally awarded, but also to fund the costs of ongoing litigation in the meantime. Healthcare organizations must understand that ' Serious problems can arise in each of these areas that can make a health care liability claim even worse than imagined' (Thornton). Aggravating factors that work to increase claims are the cost of continued healthcare to treat or remedy the problem under discussion and the potential loss of earnings for the plaintiff. (Bell). In some cases the rocketing level of claims awarded have driven healthcare insurance companies out of certain states because they cannot afford to do business in those circumstances. Only revised state legislation capping the level of claims made has allowed them to return and resume business with the healthcare organizations in the area. (Thornton). The first category, workers' compens... The first category, workers' compensation insurance, protects the healthcare organization from legal action following accidents or illness suffered by its employees in the workplace and funds the medical attention and compensation for lost income for employees affected by such events; workers' compensation insurance applies no matter whose fault the accident or illness was, as long as it was workplace related (Insurance Information Institute). The second category, liability insurance, applies to a third party other than the insured and its employees, meaning a person or persons who have not contracted with the insurer (Farlex). Policies for liability insurance are defined in accordance with a maximum level of payment to be made by the insurer per stated period (typically 1 year). If the healthcare organization wishes to have insurance coverage above this level, this is typically available from the insurer. The insurer then often pays for legal costs associated with such claims in excess of the original amount, although this is by no means an absolute rule (Bell) Liability insurance can then be further sub-categorized into claims made and occurrence policies. Claims made policies taken out by a healthcare organization protect the organization against claims or events reported during the term of the policy (Tennant). At the discretion of the insurance company, such a policy will typically cover events prior to the claims made policy term, if a similar claims made policy was in operation immediately before the term of the current claims made policy. These claims are settled according the law as it was defined at the moment of the event triggering the claim, rather than at the moment when the claim itself is made. Occurrence

Summarize this article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize this article - Essay Example Mirja Feldman is the prosecutor who tried the case. She believes the production of the fakes has not stopped. It is suspected that the sculptures are made in a foundry in Netherlands. The police have been able to close the foundry, but the owner cannot be prosecuted because he lives outside Bangkok, Thailand. Alberto Giacometti is concerned the fakes will go back to circulation. Therefore, the authorities intend to destroy the majority of the fakes. They hope to convince owners to have them destroyed, or the have the Alberto Giacometti sign removed. The mystery of the Giacometti fakes continues. The article is interesting because of the way the story has been presented. The writer endeavors to keep the reader interested in reaching the end of the paper. The case of the Giacometti fakes has been presented clearly without any ambiguity. The article is straight to the point, which makes it easy to

Euthanasia Argued with Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Euthanasia Argued with Utilitarianism Essay â€Å"The term euthanasia originated from the Greek word for ‘good death’. It is the act or practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the suspension of medical treatment. Because of this many view euthanasia as simply bringing relief by alleviating pain and suffering† (1). I strongly agree in legalizing euthanasia in our society, and I will be applying the ethical doctrine Utilitarianism to defend my case. Euthanasia minimizes the suffering that affects those involved. Euthanasia is already legal in Holland, Luxembourg and Belgium, and permitted in Switzerland if performed by a non-doctor. In the US, the State of Washington, Montana, and Oregon have already passed laws in support of euthanasia while a recent Gallop poll finds that the vast majority of Americans continue to support right-to-die laws for terminally ill patients. The following benefits to legalizing euthanasia are: patients’ are saved from unwanted suffering, free up the nurses and doctors time for savable patients, vital organs can be saved, allowing doctors to save the lives of others, and health care cost would be reduced. Certain diseases are incurable and result in a slow agonizing death. What is the purpose to suffer endlessly till the body gives out? Imagine what it would be like to spend six months, or more, vomiting, coughing, enduring pain spasms, and suffering psychologically as well. Would it not minimize suffering, for the patient and the family and friends involved, to give the patient the option to say when they had enough? Patients can die with dignity rather than have the illness reduce them to a shell of their former selves, and lessen the suffering of their family and friends. I also believe the right to die should be a fundamental freedom of each person. Nowhere in the constitution does it imply that the government has the right to keep a person from committing suicide. After all, if the patient and the family agree its what they want to do, whose business is it anyway? Who else is it going to hurt? In a country thats supposedly free, this should be a fundamental right. Furthermore, we face a critical shortage of medical staff in this country right now, especially nurses. Recent studies from the pass five year have confirmed the obvious, that understaffed hospitals make more mistakes and provide lesser quality care. This when considered under the utilitarian doctrine is immoral because it contributes to the overall utility that maximizes the suffering, and the moral goal is to maximize the good overall. Things are only going to get worse as the baby boom generation gets older and life spans increase. Being more productive with the nurses and doctors time, the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people can be achieve, because the quality of care will increase and many lives can be saved with the time that was freed up. In addition to increasing the quality of care in hospitals, Vital organs can also be saved, allowing doctors to save the lives of others. Euthanasia allows physicians to preserve vital organs that can be donated to others, assuming the patients are organ donors. People in need of organ transplants have long waiting lists to look forward to; for hearts, kidneys, livers, and other organs that are necessary to save the lives of people who can be saved. However, if certain diseases are allowed to run their full course, the organs may weaken or cease to function altogether. Once again, we have to put the needs of the ‘living’ ahead of the needs of the ‘dying’. Finally, healthcare costs will be reduced, which will in turn lower insurance premiums. Consider the huge cost of keeping a dying patient alive for several months. You must pay for x-rays, lab tests, drugs, medical staff salaries, etc. The overall net worth is monstrously high. It is not unheard of for medical costs to equal $50,000-100,000 to keep some patients alive. We have to ask ourselves, is this the best way to spend our money when the patient himself would like to die? Wouldnt the money be better spent on the patients that can be saved? Also, consider the drag on a dying patients net worth. Most people want to be able to leave their children and grandchildren with something when they die. Medical costs eat into that estate. As Medicare, and other government programs accelerate the US towards bankruptcy, anything that causes a decrease in total costs must be brought forward for consideration. In conclusion, Euthanasia minimizes the suffering that affects those involved, and should be universally legalized in the US. As I mentioned before patients can die with dignity rather than have the illness reduce them to a shell of their former selves, and lessen the suffering of their family and friends. We can free up the nurses and doctors time for savable patients , and euthanasia allows physicians to preserve vital organs that can be donated to others. Healthcare costs will be reduced, which will in turn lower insurance premiums.

Charlotte Brontes Childhood Influences to Become a Writer :: Charlotte Bronte Author Essays

Charlotte Bronte's Childhood Influences to Become a Writer Charlotte was born to in 1816 in Yorkshire to Patrick Bronte and his wife. She was one of six children, an averaged size family in those days. The family were moved to Haworth (a small village in the west Yorkshire moors) in 1820. Sadly a year later Mrs Bronte died leaving the six children in her sisters care. Charlotte had to cope with the death of a mother when she was very young and the death of her two elder sisters a few years later. She had to learn to care for herself and to be more independent. This may have helped Charlotte to be able to empathise with the feelings that arise when somebody dies. In later years she was then able to use these feeling in her novels. Having to be independent may have helped her to be able to make up the character Jane Eyre as she was in a similar situation to as Charlotte, having to learn to care for herself and having to cope with the death of a parent. In 1824 Charlotte was sent to boarding school with three of her four sisters. The appalling conditions at the school had a long term affect on the two elder sisters and this is where Maria and Louisa died. After the death of Maria and Louisa Charlottes father brought all his children home. Charlotte made this school the model for Lowood institute in Jane Eyre. So although she had been through horrible times she was able to use them to her advantage. After their mother and two eldest children had died, Charlotte was left with her sisters Emily and Anne and brother Branwell to the care of their father, and their strict, religious aunt, Elisabeth Branwell. The children created imaginary kingdoms, which were built around Branwell's toy soldiers, and which inspired them to write stories about the fantasylands of Angria and Gondal. Charlotte had a very big imagination at an early age and having a brother and sister that shared this imagination helped her to expand on it. All of Mr Brontes children were encouraged to read widely.The Bronte children were avid readers and they loved to make up stories and then share them with each other. In later life Charlotte started a new school and after she had left the school she then returned to it a few years later as a teacher. She was able to practice her writing skills and learn how to teach them to others. In 1841 Charlotte became a pupil at the Maison d'education pour les jeunes, in Brussels.

Issues in Global Business

Module TitleIssues in Global Business and Strategic Concepts Module Code6IM 501 Module Level6 Credit value40 Total Number400 of Learning Hours Key Words Implementation of Global strategy, strategy and the organisation, strategic development, globalisation, international business and the environment, internationalisation. Module Description There has been a fundamental shift in the world’s economy where national economies were once self contained, now cross border business activities and economies are much more inter-dependent on each other.This module brings together elements of the global business environment with an understanding of the strategy making process. The ability to take an overview of business problem-solving and decision-making processes is necessary for a successful career in business management and administration. This module provides a broad representation of different, and often conflicting, perspectives and theories that reflect the richness of current deba te among academics and practitioners in the field.Initially the module focuses on enabling students to develop skills in the analysis of the strategic environment, development, evaluation and implementation of strategic concepts. These early stages of the module are designed to develop students’ analytical, problem-solving and decision-making skills. The module continues with a study of the global business environment and critical evaluation through the use of case studies to develop the student’s awareness and explore good and bad practices within the business process, content and contextUsing a consultative approach the module concludes by addressing contemporary global issues and the inter-dependence of national economies balanced with the strategic requirements of the global organisation. Module Learning On successful completion of the module, students will be able to: Outcomes 1. Demonstrate knowledge and a critical approach to the key contemporary theories and co ncepts recognised in the field of strategic management and globalisation. 2. Apply and critically discuss the appropriateness of relevant theories to complex business situations. 3.Apply consultancy principles and relevant theory to create, develop, plan and implement the Business Case Study Proposal recognising the importance of opportunity realisation and integrating implementation. Module Content * History of the field , evolution and development of strategic management; * Strategic Decision-Making * Formulating and analysing strategy;- The Strategy of International Business * Positioning Analysis – prescriptive and emergent approaches * Levels of Strategy and specifics of the strategy-making practices * Strategy development, evaluation and implementation International expansion and globalisation strategies – Exporting & Importing * Collaboration and competition: Knowledge creation through collaboration/network strategies * Developing and implementing customer-drive n strategy * Globalization * National Differences in Political Economy * Ethics in International Business – Values, morality, ethical considerations, CSR * International Trade Theory * Foreign Direct Investment * Multi Nationals & HRM * International Labour Relations * Regional Economic Integration & revision Foreign Exchange Market * Political requirements of International Trade Theory * Research Methods * The Organization of International Business * Entry Strategy and Alliance * Global Production * Financial Management in International business * Ecological Challenges for Business and Society * Consultancy Techniques Module Learning Learning & Teaching Methods and Teaching Via lectures and/or tutorials or seminars to cover substantive areas of knowledge, supported by audio/visual and web materials.Guest lectures and industrial visits – where appropriate – will be included. Students will be encouraged at all times to read widely for this subject, and to use bot h personal experiences from work placement(s) – where relevant – and their knowledge gained from their specialist prescribed and elected subjects. Use of interactive media and materials will be widely encouraged to provide the student with a fully rounded perspective and understanding of the module in ‘live’ situations. Module Assessment MethodCW1: 30% weightingStudents will be asked to demonstrate their understanding of this by firstly critically evaluating an organisation through a given case study and applying their knowledge gained in the lectures and tutorials. They will produce a management-style report showing application, evaluation and evidence of further reading focusing on specific areas of the module. CW2: 70% weighting Students will be required to act as a business consultant and prepare a report analysing a modern day scenario.This element requires students to utilise appropriate models and techniques, from the whole module content, advising on strategic intervention and its impact on the global environment. Reading list Core Text: Hill, C. (9th Edition), International Business, Competing in the Global Marketplace. (Global Edition) Mc Graw-Hill . Recommended Reading Baranova P. , Knight T. , Milligan J. (2011), Strategy Concepts and Applications, Customised Text, Pearson Education. Cavusgil, S. Knight, G & Riesenberger, J. (2008) International Business, Strategy, Management, and new Realities. Pearson Prentice Hall. Daniels, J.Radebaugh, L & Sullivan, D. (2009) International Business, Environments and Operations, 12th Edition, Prentice Hall. De Wit , B. and Meyer, R. (2010), Strategy: Process, Content, Context – An International Perspective, (2010), 4th Edition Text and Cases, South-Western, Cengage Learning. Drucker, P. (1985), Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Heinemann, London Goffin, K. & Mitchell, R. (2005). Innovation management; strategy & implemementation using the pentathlon framework, Palgrave, Basingsto ke. Johnson, Whittington and Scholes (2011), Exploring Strategy: Text and Cases, 9th Edition, Prentice Hall, Essex, UK.Lynch, Richard (2009). Strategic Management, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education Limited, Essex, UK. Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel, (2009), Strategy Safari – Your complete guide through the wilds of strategic management. , 2nd Edition, FT Prentice Hall. Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel, (2005), Strategy Bites Back, FT Prentice Hall. Mintzberg, Lampel, Quinn and Ghoshal (2003), The Strategy Process – Concepts, Contexts, Cases, Global 4th Edition, Prentice Hall. Morrison, J. (2009) International Business, Challenges in a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillion. Morrison, J. 2009) Global Business Environment, Meeting the Challengers, 3rd Edition. Palgrave Macmillion. Inductive Derivation of a Consensus Definition of the Field, Strategic Management Journal, Vol 28, pp 935–955. Pettigrew, Thomas and Whittington (Eds. ), (2006), Handbook of Str ategy and Management, Sage. Porter, M. E. â€Å"Competitive Strategy† and â€Å"Competitive Advantage†, (1986), Free Press. Rugman, A. M. & Collinson, S. (2009) International Business 5th Edition. FT Prentice Hall. Wild, J. & Wild, K. & Han, J. C. Y. (2003) International Business 2nd Edition Prentice Hall.RELEVANT JOURNALS – via Emerald or EBSCO Business Premier Harvard Business Review Long Range Planning Sloan Management Review Journal of General Management Strategic Management Journal The Journal of Business Strategy Journal of General Management Administrative Science Quarterly OTHER RESOURCES Where applicable videos, business simulations, case studies etc. will be used to enhance and support the module content. 24/09 | Introduction to the Module| Chapter| Case StudiesVenezuela| 01/10| Employability | | Tesco| 08/10| The Concepts of Strategy| | IBM| 15/10| Value Creation| 13| Assignment Launch| 2/10| Strategic Options for International Business| 14| Wal-Mart/ Coca-Cola| 29/110| Organisational Structure and Architecture| 14| Unilever| 05/12ncing/11| Entry Strategy| 15| JCB/General Electric| 12/11| Strategic Alliances| 15| JCB/General Electric| 19/11| Review Strategic concept| | Assignment Review and Workshop| 26/12| Globalization| 1| The Globalization of Health Care| 03/12| National Differences in Political Economy| 2| Indonesia| 10/12| Ethics in International Business| 5| Knights Apparel | | | | | Issues in Global Business and Strategic Concepts Autumn 2012 Week CommencingHand-in-Date for Assignment One 19th – 26th November 2012. Session | Title| Chapter| Case Studies| 21/01| Welcome Back. Assignment Feedback. Semester 2 Introduction| | Feedback Group Seminar1-1 Tutorials| 28/01| International Trade Theory| 6| Bangladesh`s Textile Trade| 04/02| The Political Economy| 7| The Global Financial Crisis| 11/02| Foreign Direct Investment| 8| Spain’s TelephonicaAssignment Launch| 18/02| Regional Economic Integration| 9| NAFTA/Mexic an| 25/02| Assignment Discussion| | Assignment Seminar/ workshop| 04/03| Exporting & Importing| 16| MD International| 11/03| Global Production| 17| Boeing| 8/04| Global Marketing and R & D| 18| Microsoft| 15/04| Consultancy Review| | Assignment Seminar/ workshop| 22/04| Global HRM| 19| AstraZeneca| 29/04| Closing/Review| | Review| | | | | | | | | Issues in Global Business and Strategic Concepts Spring 2013 As the module progresses through this semester, more time will be allocated to assignment study within the tutorial period. This assignment is worth 70% and requires application of the module content to achieve a good grade. Hand-in-Date for Assignment Two 26th – 3rd May 2013

The Italian Renaissance: Review Sheet

Unit One: The Italian Renaissance Review Sheet 1. People to know: -Savonarola-gained power in Florence in 1494. Exercised strict rule until overthrown in 1498 -Julius II-The Warrior Pope. Led armies against the French and Venetians -Tudors (why powerful? )- Edward IV? Richard II? Henry VII. Used Star Chamber against nobles and Henry VII rebuilt monarchy -Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (Inquisition why? )-Marriage created union of Spain. Completed Reconquista and Inquisition? anti-Semitism -Charles V/Hapsburg- Holy Roman Emperor. 1521: Habsburg-Valois Wars? Battlefield was often Italy -Mirandola- Oration of the Dignity of Man -â€Å"Renaissance popes†- Became increasingly secular . Nicholas V? Pius II ? Sixtus IV? Alexander Vi? Julius II? Leo X 2. Vocabulary: converses, hermanades, Renaissance, oligarchies, signori, commune, popolo (what did they want? /what was their condition? ), humanism, secularism, individualism, Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, infanticide/foundling hospitals, Medici Family (how they got their wealth), Quattrocento 3. Art: How artists were viewed, how they viewed medieval past, Michelangelo, Ghiberti, Raphael, Da Vinci, patrons (why support artists? , Brunelleschi (Dome of St. Peter’s), Jan Van Eyck 4. Printing Press: changes it brought, when? Who? 5. New Monarchs: Who supported? Who resisted? , Charles VII of France centralizing efforts, tactics of the English kings (Henry VII and Henry VIII) to gain power, Star Chamber, Ferdinand and Isabella tactics, Iberian Peninsula, War of the Roses 6. Ideas: Vie w of rape in Renaissance; view of black slaves; women in the Renaissance/upper class versus ordinary women; source of wealth of Italian communes 7. Writers: Castiglione (The Book of the Courtier), Machiavelli (The Prince/views), Dante (Divine Comedy), Petrarch, Laura Cereta (women ideas), Peter Paul Vergerio (education), Lorenzo Valla (textual criticism), Boccaccio (The Decameron), Erasmus (In Praise of Folly/ideas), 8. Northern Renaissance: Thomas More (Utopia/ideas), Christopher Marlowe, Nicholas Copernicus (Polish astronomer), How differ from Italian Renaissance? 9. Characteristics of Italian Renaissance: Greek/Roman (Latin), individual city states (list), Florence, secular, civic affairs, curiosity, powerful families, manners/morals, how did it end? , crisis in the 14th C, wars

Effects of Discrimination in the Workplace

Effects of Discrimination in the Workplace Free Online Research Papers In the past most people do not have equal rights to choice job, for example women are not easily find a job as men, because some people think men are more smart and capable than women. In present people strongly mention the human right but discrimination still exists, and the impacts of discrimination are serious in the workplace and in society. The effects of discrimination in the workplace are mainly two parts. Firstly, discrimination directly deals to the unemployment rate increase. In some companies have sex discrimination they do not employ women as their staff, so these women lose their job opportunities. And others have age discrimination. Young people can not find jobs after graduation, because these companies think youth have not work experience. Secondly, discrimination results in work efficiency decline. If company discriminate women, they have not female employee, this company will lose work balance because women are more patiently and carefully, which are men’s weakness. Furthermore discriminate age is also harmful to a company. For one, senior people are full of experience and youth do not lack of energy, so these two groups are all important for a company. The effects of discrimination in society are reflecting on race, religion, and disable discrimination. One of the main reasons cause violence is race discrimination. It is easy to find evidence from Hollywood movies. The black people always fight with white people because they were discriminated. Now in Australia, the aboriginals are discriminated. Many people do not understand their culture, so the Australian looks down on these people, but it is not equally. In addition religion discrimination can endanger the world peace. Different religion has different god and the numbers of believers are huge. Once the conflict between different religions break out, which can easily cause a world war. At last, the disables discrimination is the most important one. The society should pay more care and love to these people. However not all the people do, so the commit suicide rate of disable people is still rising. To sum up, the discrimination can cause many problems. The government should constitute laws to avoid it. And the society should also set up some organizations or communities to help these people. Research Papers on Effects of Discrimination in the Workplace19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCapital PunishmentThe Fifth Horseman

Revised paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Revised paper - Essay Example The lessons are, therefore, well planned to help the students identify with the complex situations in life, to enhance their reading capabilities. The students are taken through advanced multicultural recipes to enable them to be familiar with the delicacies of the world. At the same time, this enables those who are familiar with the recipes to feel part and parcel of the class. The lesson plans are plans are designed to enable them to enhance their listening then reading skills. The teacher will read aloud; this helps the students remember and store the pronunciation in their brains. This helps them to read and say the words correctly the next time they are in the position to speak this words. The teacher will also aim at improving the conversation skills of the students by asking them to assume scenarios in life and talk to one another in reference to these scenarios. This will develop the ability of the students to talk and ask for things in real life. The lessons are also planned to improve the students’ ability to sieve out the relevant information from excerpts. This will enable them to be able to pick out clues from passages, and they can apply this when faced with examination questions, or other critical analysis situations, whereby they need to write what is important and leave out the less important material. Goals:Develop students’ confidence in speaking through conversation with peers and reading aloud thus helping them remember this words in future. The conversation is aimed to help them understand the contexts of their readingso they could appreciate the practical use of the language and encourage them to frequently speak English. Teacher willdivide the students into four groups and give each group a recipe card, then let them converse and read the content freely.Worksheets will be distributed to each student, but they cannot answer the questions right away, and notes must be written at the back of the worksheets.

Leadership Capacity Development Training Proposal Essay - 1

Leadership Capacity Development Training Proposal - Essay Example They need to influence others to follow their way of working and being innovative and standing out of the crowd should be the most desirable character of a leader. Thus Leadership Capability Development Training program for the 40 newly hired mid-level managers of Etisalat has been proposed in this report by SABK, the largest training and development consultancy and HRD service provider to different business sectors of the industry of Middle East. Leadership comprises of several qualities of which the core qualities being motivator, creative mind and team building capability are most significant which are taken into consideration for the training program by SABK. Proper communication skills and building a strong team are the vital activities of a leader which are needed to be developed amongst the managers. The training program will also focus on the leadership styles of the Middle East and the HRD issues faced by managers in their work. This training program will help the managers t o cope with different critical issues and act professionally to those problems. The advanced evolution technique of SABK is committed to deliver excellent training program for the managers customized to the need of the organization and business processes and the company is confident that Etisalat will be highly satisfied with the training program from SABK for development of leadership skills for the newly hired 40 managers in their organization. Overview Statement SABK is considered as one of the greatest international institutes providing consulting and training services to clients all over the globe. The Company is located in more than 44 locations in different parts of the world and specializes in the provision of training in the fields like human resource, management consulting and other services. The company has gained immense reputation for providing training to the large private organizations located in the Middle East accounts for one of the leading telecom operators in the Middle East and Africa. It is also known for offering great leadership development programs especially designed to enhance the skills and expertise of leaders in organizations. The company uses the best infrastructure and equipments for conducting such programs which also accounts for one of the main reasons for tremendous success and reputation all across the world. The company has been seeking to provide leadership training programs to the companies in the Middle East. Presently the company targets to offer its services to the great telecom company called Etisalat which is headquartered at UAE. SABK Trainers A comprehensive development plan is incorporated for training the UAE national for the handling of critical works and responsibilities. Also they are provided with the right kind of training is areas of finance, HR, technical and commercial fields. The program is conducted by eminent international trainers coming from Dubai, and also functional experts. At the end of the prog ram trainees are sent to Dubai for attainment of specialized training. At the completion of